Abstract
A fully cascadable (i.e., low/high input impedance for current/voltage input signals and high/low output impedance for current/voltage output signals) mixed-mode (input and output signals can be voltage or current) universal filter biquad by using three differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), three grounded resistors, and two grounded capacitors is presented in this paper. The proposed biquad can realize the inverting, non-inverting, and differential types universal filtering responses (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch, and allpass) from the voltage and current output terminals without changing the filter topology. The proposed circuit is suitable for cascading in all the four possible modes (i.e., voltage, current, transresistance, and transconductance modes). Moreover, the proposed mixed-mode biquad still enjoys (i) using only grounded passive components, (ii) no need of extra inverting and non-inverting amplifiers for special input signals, and (iii) low active and passive sensitivities. This paper also shows how analytical synthesis can be used to produce the proposed mixed-mode filter circuit. H-Spice simulation results confirm the theory.
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