Fully-automatic blood-typing chip exploiting bubbles for quick dilution and detection.

Ken Yamamoto,Ryosuke Sakurai,Masahiro Motosuke

doi:10.1063/5.0006264

Abstract

A compact, fully-automatic blood-typing test device is developed. The device conducts sequential processes of whole-blood dilution, homogenization, and reaction with reagents. The lab-on-a-chip device can detect the weakest reaction between red blood cells (RBCs) and reagents even without using optics such as a camera and detector. This high sensitivity is achieved by implementing 50-μm-thick reaction chambers in which a clear contrast between the RBC agglutinations and non-reacted RBCs can be obtained. The dilution and the homogenization are enhanced by injecting bubbles into the microchannel so that the test result can be obtained 5 min after the test start. With an assumption that the device will be used by medical staffs, the device is designed to require minimum operation for the users, namely, loading whole blood, starting pumps, and looking inside the reaction chambers by their eyes to observe the test result. As the device is applicable to the cross-matching test by mixing RBCs with serum instead of the reagents, it is expected that the device provides not only the quick blood-typing but also a safer and quicker blood transfusion in emergency rooms.

Highlights

IntroductionOxygen, and metabolic wastes to and from cells and organs.[1]
Blood conveys nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic wastes to and from cells and organs.[1]
As the device is applicable to the cross-matching test by mixing red blood cells (RBCs) with serum instead of the reagents, it is expected that the device provides the quick bloodtyping and a safer and quicker blood transfusion in emergency rooms

Summary

Introduction

Oxygen, and metabolic wastes to and from cells and organs.[1]. In the 17th century, it was found that there are dissolution and agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) for some transfusion cases.[2] The cause of these reactions was revealed in the 1900s by Landsteiner[3] who found four types of blood, which contain different combinations of antigen and antibody. Owing to these findings, the blood-typing test was recognized to be a prerequisite to transfusion to prevent the adverse effects such as an acute kidney failure or an anaphylactic shock. In addition to the bloodtyping test, the cross-matching (matching test of the patient and the transfusing blood) tests prior to the transfusion are required nowadays for the safe transfusion

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Conclusion