Abstract
BackgroundGiant magnetostrictive materials are increasingly proposed for smart material applications such as in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications. However, reviewing the literature on this topic, the reader observes a large amount of variability in the reported properties that are typically generated from overall strain or point-value strain measurements obtained with strain gages using the far field estimate to project the internal magnetic field in the specimen.MethodsA full-field phase-sensitive thermography method is proposed to correlate the full-field infrared measurements to changes in the microstructure induced by a cyclic magnetic field in a giant magnetostrictive alloy material.ResultsThe results show the potential of the proposed method in rapidly uncovering the effects of geometry and defects on the magnetostrictive response. The results show responses at the microstructure level from both magnetocaloric and magnetostrictive effects.ConclusionsThe effects of the magnetostrictive material’s microstructural spatial variability and the specimen geometry on the localized magnetostrictive response warrant serious considerations but so far have not received significant attention. The method proposed is capable of highlighting magneto-elastic coupling in the composite specimens using the cycle magnetic field.
Highlights
Giant magnetostrictive materials are increasingly proposed for smart material applications such as in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications
Full field phase sensitive thermography (PST) has the potential as a tool for the nondestructive evaluation of the microstructure of magnetostrictive materials
The PST signal from the infrared measurements from our investigations reveals a magnetocaloric effect in Terfenol-D and magnetic interactions with microstructural defects
Summary
Giant magnetostrictive materials are increasingly proposed for smart material applications such as in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications. The positive magnetostrictive response refers to the increase of the mechanical strain in the material as the magnitude of an external magnetic field is raised. Terfenol-D was developed in the 1970s at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory which was used as a component in sonar transducers (Olabi and Grunwald 2008) This material is unique for its huge magnetostriction compared to other materials, such as Galfenol or nickel. This unique property has led many proposals for its applications in actuation and energy harvesting (Ashley 1998; Goodfriend and Shoop 1992; Fenn et al 1996).
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