Abstract
An overview is provided of digital subscriber loops (DSLs), which are an essential part of the evolution from the integrated digital network (IDN) to the integrated services digital network (ISDN). Transmission impairments inherent in the subscriber loops are outlined, and their design is considered. Each of the essential elements in a DSL system is discussed in some detail, with emphasis on the tradeoffs of various design approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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