Full-waveform inversion with source and receiver coupling effects correction

Abstract

Coupling factors of sources and receivers vary dramatically due to the strong heterogeneity of the near surface, and they are as important as the model parameters for the inversion success. We have adopted a full-waveform inversion (FWI) scheme that corrects for variable coupling factors while updating the model parameters. A linear inversion is embedded into the scheme to estimate the source and receiver factors and compute the amplitude weights according to the acquisition geometry. After the weights are introduced in the objective function, the inversion falls into the category of separable nonlinear least-squares problems. Hence, we could use the variable projection technique widely used in source estimation problems to invert the model parameter without knowledge of the source and receiver factors. The efficacy of the inversion scheme is demonstrated with two synthetic examples and one real data test.