Full waveform inversion of areal shot records

Abstract

Full Waveform Inversion is among the most robust technologies for velocity field determination in areas of high geological complexity, such as those which present salt tectonics. The success of this method may be explained by the fact that it is not restricted to inverting primary reflected waves. All events predicted by the differential equation, which governs the wave phenomenon, are employed in its algorithm. This increases the seismic illumination tremendously in relation to the methods, which linearize the forward problem. In practice, however, due to its high computational cost, which is mainly associated with the large number of forward and reverse extrapolations in its algorithms, this method is typically restricted to frequencies of a few Hertz units. In this work, we propose an algorithm that aims to reduce the computational cost with the goal of improving the feasibility of this method for some dozens of Hertz considering that the velocity field obtained may be used as an interpretation tool itself. The strategy employed is decreasing the number of forward and reverse extrapolations using the concept of areal shot record technology. Rather than solving the wave equation for all common shot gathers, we solved the wave equation for a small number of areal shot records to increase the seismic illumination on the target zones. Ultimately, the small number of areal sources is somewhat compensated by multiply events that emerge when the controlled wavefield propagates (or reverse propagates) along the background velocity models. In our numerical experiments, performed on Marmousi-2 velocity model, our method successfully converged to the target model. Further, a substantial reduction was observed in the computational cost compared to the traditional method.