Full wave 3D inverse scattering: 21st century technology for whole body imaging

Abstract

Quantitative high resolution (QHR) images of speed of sound and attenuation in human breast have been made using full wave inverse scattering in three-dimension (FWIS3D), where only soft tissue is present. The FWIS3D technology and method are reviewed. Recent QHR images in the presence of bone and gas have been obtained with FWIS3D and are shown. Transmission mode quantitative and refraction corrected reflection images of small piglet abdomen, thorax, and head are shown. QHR images of the human knee using the same technology are shown. Human Knee is difficult due to the predominant presence of bone. With low frequency FWIS3D, the meniscus, structure within the Femur-Tibia (F-T) space, ligaments, and the infrapatellar fat pad can be seen. The intra-condyle space in the Femur is visible. It was earlier established that 3D modelling was necessary for breast. It is shown to be even more important for F-T space and whole body imaging. Quantitative estimates of high speed early development bone are made, and imaging through neo-natal skull is performed. Clear correspondence with known structures even in the presence of gas is displayed. This reveals FWIS3D ultrasound tomography as a 21st century whole body imaging modality.