Abstract
A balanced armature transducer, also known as a receiver in some industries, is a high-performance miniature loudspeaker that is often used in hearing aids but also in other in-ear audio products like earbuds. The electrical and vibroacoustic performance of a balanced armature transducer is analyzed using a full multiphysics analysis. The model includes acoustics and associated thermoviscous losses, structural components such as diaphragm and armature (made of magnetic steel), and as the electromagnetic components including permanent magnet and coil. The vibrating armature enters a magnetic circuit with alternating magnetic flux, generated by an AC coil, which has a strong interaction with the DC magnetic field of a magnet. The electromagnetic forces are included through volumetric and surface contributions of the Maxwell stress. The analysis is performed in a commercial finite element analysis software and predicts the linear response modeled in the frequency domain and nonlinear effects modeled in the time domain. The latter include nonlinear thin-film damping and nonlinear magnetic force contributions captured using a moving mesh.
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