“Full metal jacket” with direct stenting of complete chronic occlusions of the superficial femoral artery

Abstract

This study evaluated the short- and midterm patency of complete total occlusions of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) treated with direct stenting. Fifty-two consecutive patients (36 men and 16 women; mean age 73.6 years; range 58-85) with chronic complete SFA occlusion and good distal run-off (two or three patent vessels) underwent endovascular recanalisation by direct stenting. All patients were symptomatic (severe claudication or critical ischaemia). Recanalisation was achieved by using a contralateral approach in 44 patients and an ipsilateral antegrade access in eight patients. A total of 152 nitinol stents were used: three stents in 32 cases, four stents in eight cases and two stents in 12 cases. Follow-up consisted of clinical evaluation and colour Doppler ultrasound at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The immediate technical success rate was 100%, with complete SFA recanalisation documented on postprocedural angiography. Four cases of distal embolism occurred, which were treated successfully with intra-arterial thrombolysis. During the follow-up, 12 reocclusions were observed: eight were treated with mechanical thrombectomy and in-stent angioplasty, and four were converted into femoropopliteal bypasses. The primary patency rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 92.3%, 76.9%, 69.2% and 69.2%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 100%, 100%, 92.3% and 92.3%. The percutaneous treatment of chronic complete SFA occlusions yielded good primary and secondary patency rates in the short and medium term, with few periprocedural complications. Reocclusions were treated using the percutaneous technique, which guarantees a good secondary patency rate.