Abstract
Window glazing plays an essential role to modulate indoor light and heat transmission, which is a prospect to save the energy cost in buildings. The latest photovoltachromic technology has been regarded as one of the most ideal solutions, however, to achieve full-frame size (100% active area) and high-contrast ratio (>30% variable in visible wavelength) for smart window applicability is still a challenge. Here we report a photovoltachromic device combining full-transparent perovskite photovoltaic and ion-gel based electrochromic components in a vertical tandem architecture without any intermediated electrode. Most importantly, by accurately adjusting the halide-exchanging period, this photovoltachromic module can realize a high pristine transmittance up to 76%. Moreover, it possesses excellent colour-rendering index to 96, wide contrast ratio (>30%) on average visible transmittance (400-780 nm), and a self-adaptable transmittance adjustment and control indoor brightness and temperature automatically depending on different solar irradiances.
Highlights
Window glazing plays an essential role to modulate indoor light and heat transmission, which is a prospect to save the energy cost in buildings
Recently semi-transparent characteristics had applied into tandem structure photovoltachromic devices (PVCDs) by using two pathways: (i) Physically reducing the thickness or patterning voided windows on intrinsically opaque PV layers led to low pristine transmittance (T%) and low contrast ratio in PVCDs (Supplementary Table 1). (ii) Chemically broadening the optical bandgap of PV materials to absorb only partial visible wavelength resulted in an uncomfortable visual environment and poor color-rendering index (CRI) (PVCDs appeared orange or brownish, since they only absorbed bluegreen radiation)
The photograph of Methylamine lead chloride (MAPbCl3) perovskite film prepared by one-step solution spin coating method exhibits a frosted appearance with high haze (Fig. 1b)
Summary
Window glazing plays an essential role to modulate indoor light and heat transmission, which is a prospect to save the energy cost in buildings. One step forward for PECDs was disclosed by Wu et al.[3], who presented the first photovoltachromic devices (PVCDs) combining the photovoltaic (PV) and electrochromic (EC) features of DSSCs in a separated electrode architecture[3] This breakthrough broadened the PV technologies to all solid-state candidates, such as amorphous silicon (α-Si), organic photovoltaic (OPV)[4], and perovskite solar cell (PSC)[5]. Vertical tandem architecture was considered as the most advanced integrating strategy This monolithically hierarchy configuration demanded a high visible transparency for both PV and electrode layers. We present a facile full-solution processing technique to realize a full-transparent perovskite PV layer with high pristine T% and excellent CRI Based on this we manufacturing a monolithic photovoltachromic smart window using visibly-transparent perovskite and flexible electrochromic ion-gel[6]
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