Abstract
The known theory and experience of energy-saving architecture allow solving the article's task and ensuring sufficient insolation, passive solar heating, and occupants contact with nature through semi-basement windows. The goal is a full-fledged use of the semi-basement space achieved for seismically active regions with a moderate, cold, and hot climate by ensuring the normative seismic-resistance, energy-efficiency, and microclimate of the building and preventing influence of thermal bridges and mold growth. The set of recommendations also covers the provision of the required sanitary-hygienic conditions in the semi-basement rooms. The multidisciplinary problem is solved by integrating the methodologies of various fields of science. By means of numerical investigations, it established that the soil adjacent to the semi-basement foundation wall increases the thermal mass and building envelope heat-protection capacity. The isotherms and the intensity of heat fluxes made it possible to eliminate the effect of thermal bridges that interact with the soil and outside air. The expedient thickness and width of the additional layer of thermal insulation of thermal bridge zones in excess of the normative layer of the enclosure's thermal insulation were established. The graphical dependence of the wall's inner corner temperature from this width allows selecting the microclimate level. A multilateral contribution to building improvement is derived from a single-family home example: comfortable microclimate conditions have been created in the semi-basement for placing main rooms there; energy savings for heating this space is 16-20%; saving of monolithic frame and foundation concrete is 10-12% ensuring the higher than normative building seismic-resistance.
Highlights
In all regions with cold, hot climates and high seismicity, the building enclosure constructions must have reliable thermal protection and high strength
The isotherms and the intensity of heat fluxes results made it possible to eliminate the effect of thermal bridges that interact with the soil and outside air
Many low-rise buildings are used without thermal insulation on the external walls
Summary
In all regions with cold, hot climates and high seismicity, the building enclosure constructions must have reliable thermal protection and high strength. The basement and semi-basement spaces of such buildings are often created using monolithic concrete foundation structures Such basement spaces are used only as ancillary rooms due to the low heat protection capabilities of the external enclosures. The authors found that heating the basement rooms is inadvisable, on the one hand, because of the high consumption of thermal energy, and on the other hand, it is difficult to achieve the standard microclimate parameters due to low temperatures on the inner surfaces of the enclosures. This state of affairs is because there are no scientifically substantiated solutions for these problems
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