Full Counting Statistics of Energy Transfers in Inhomogeneous Nonequilibrium States of $$(1+1)D$$ CFT

Abstract

Employing the conformal welding technique, we obtain a universal expression for the Full Counting Statistics of energy transfers in a class of inhomogeneous nonequilibrium states of a (1+1)-dimensional unitary Conformal Field Theory. The expression involves the Schwarzian action of a complex field obtained by solving a Riemann–Hilbert type problem related to conformal welding of infinite cylinders. On the way, we establish a formula for the extension of characters of unitary positive-energy representations of the Virasoro algebra to 1-parameter groups of circle diffeomorphisms and we develop techniques, based on the analysis of certain classes of Fredholm operators, that allow to control the leading asymptotics of such an extension for small modular parameters $$\,\tau $$ .