Abstract
Suppose that an infinite lattice gas of constant density n0, whose dynamics are described by the symmetric simple exclusion process, is brought in contact with a spherical absorber of radius R. Employing the macroscopic fluctuation theory and assuming the additivity principle, we evaluate the probability distribution that N particles are absorbed during a long time T. The limit of N = 0 corresponds to the survival problem, whereas describes the opposite extreme. Here is the average number of absorbed particles (in three dimensions), and D0 is the gas diffusivity. For n0 ≪ 1 the exclusion effects are negligible, and can be approximated, for not too large N, by the Poisson distribution with mean . For finite n0, is non-Poissonian. We show that at . At sufficiently large N and n0 < 1/2 the most likely density profile of the gas, conditional on the absorption of N particles, is non-monotonic in space. We also establish a close connection between this problem and that of statistics of current in finite open systems.
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