Fuel–Water Emulsions as an Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines: A Project Summary

Abstract

The paper presents conclusions from research conducted at the Warsaw University of Technology in 2019–2023 regarding the combustion of fuel–water emulsions in a miniature gas turbine. The presented conclusions were made taking the current state of knowledge available in the literature into account. Particular emphasis was placed on explaining the discrepancies in the results of the experimental studies available in the literature. The main aspects of the combustion of the fuel–water emulsions that were analyzed were their impact on the emissions of NOx and CO, as well as the impact of the surfactant included in the fuel mixture on the combustion process, emissions and the formation of deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber. The impact of the emulsion fuel on fuel consumption was also discussed. In order to explain the changes occurring in the combustion chamber as a result of adding water to the fuel, numerical methods and methods of fluid mechanics were used. Studies have shown a positive impact of the use of fuel–water emulsions on CO and Nox emissions and fuel consumption. It was also demonstrated that fuel additives used for emulsification can create deposits on the walls of the hot engine section.