Abstract
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) use as a fuel in road and maritime traffic has increased rapidly, and it is slowly entering railroad traffic as well. The trend was pushed by the state administrations of mainly EU countries and international organizations seeing LNG as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel. Different infrastructural projects for the widespread use of LNG in transport have been launched around the world. The main goal of this paper was to analyze use of LNG as a fuel for heavy trucks. Different aspects of LNG chain were analyzed along with economical and ecological benefits of LNG application. Filling stations network for LNG were described for the purpose of comparative analysis of diesel and LNG heavy trucks. Conclusion has shown that using LNG as propellant fuel has numerous advantages over the use of conventional fuels. The higher initial investment of the LNG road vehicles could be amortized in their lifetime use, and in the long-term they are more affordable than the classic diesel vehicles. In addition to cost-effectiveness, LNG road vehicles reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental goals in transport, not only of the member states but worldwide, could not be met without LNG in heavy truck traffic.
Highlights
The last two decades the global natural gas market has undergone major changes triggered by increased production of unconventional gas in the United States (US) [1]
The price affects the balance of the supply and demand and the market share of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on the global market is mainly driven by the price, but more and more it becomes the strategic and geopolitical issue [2,3]
The results of their study have shown that compressed natural gas (CNG) and LNG fueled vehicles have similar well-to-wheels energy use compared to conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles, but difference is emerging along with mileage
Summary
The last two decades the global natural gas market has undergone major changes triggered by increased production of unconventional gas in the United States (US) [1]. The results of their study have shown that compressed natural gas (CNG) and LNG fueled vehicles have similar well-to-wheels energy use compared to conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles, but difference is emerging along with mileage. They concluded that CNG and LNG vehicles emit 10–20% less GHG emissions than gasoline and 5–10% less than diesel vehicles. Madden et al have conducted exhaustive research for CEDIGAZ, the International Association for Natural Gas, predicting that LNG as a fuel will capture a significant market share in the transport sector by 2035 They have observed the greatest potential in road transport, were annual demand was projected to 96 million tons per year in the base scenario, while demand in the marine transport of LNG was estimated to 77 million tons per annum (mtpa). Due to the facts that the increased volumes of LNG are available for export worldwide, that the flexibility of LNG carriers has increased lately, that the share of long-term contracts among LNG suppliers decreased, the world order of the global LNG market changes which make LNG more and more accessible and affordable and suitable for widespread use
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