Abstract
In order to improve the fuel consumption and exhaust emission for gasoline engines, gasoline direct injection (GDI) system is spotlighted to solve these requirements. Thus, many researchers focus on the investigation of spray characteristics and the fuel formation of GDI injector. This paper presents a complete numerical and experimental characterization of transient gasoline spray from a high pressure injection system equipped with a modern single-hole electric controlled injector in a pressurized constant volume vessel. The numerical analysis is carried out in a one-dimensional model of fuel injection system which is developed in the AVL HYDSIM environment. The experimental analyses are implemented through a self-developed injection rate measurement device and spray evolution visualization system. The experimental results of injection rate and spray dynamics are taken to tune and validate the built model. The visualization system synchronize a high speed CMOS camera to obtain the spray structure, moreover, the captured images are taken to validate the injector needle lift process which is simulated in the model. The reliability of the built model is demonstrated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The formed vortex structure at 0.8 ms is effectively disintegrated at 6.2 ms and the spray dynamics become rather chaotic. The fuel flow characteristics within injector nozzle extremely influence the subsequent spray evolution, and therefore this point should be reconsidered when building hybrid breakup GDI spray model. The spray tip speed reach the maximum at 1.18 ms regardless of the operation conditions and this is only determined by the injector itself. Furthermore, an empirical equation for the spray tip penetration is obtained and good agreement with the measured results is reached at a certain extent. This paper provides a methodology for the investigation of spray behavior and fuel distribution of GDI engine design.
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