Abstract
Fuel consumption of fossil-based road vehicles is significantly affected by the way vehicles are driven. The same is true for automated vehicles with longitudinal control. This paper presents a periodic servo-loop longitudinal control algorithm for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system to minimize fuel consumption in car-following scenarios. The fuel-saving mechanism of pulse-and-glide (PnG) operation is first discussed for the powertrain with internal combustion engine and step-gear transmission. The servo-loop controller is then designed based on a periodic switching map for real-time implementation and adjusted with a range-bounded feedback regulator to enhance the robustness to model mismatch. Simulations in both uniform and natural traffic flows demonstrate that this algorithm achieves a significant fuel-saving benefit in automated car-following scenarios up to 8.9% in naturalistic traffic flow (when coasting at neutral gear), compared with a linear quadratic (LQ) controller. Meanwhile, its intervehicle range is preferably bounded so that the negative impact on safety and traffic smoothness is contained.
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