Fuel oil generated from the cogon grass-derived Al–Si (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv) catalysed pyrolysis of waste plastics

Tapanee Sangpatch,Nuta Supakata,Vorapot Kanokkantapong,Bunjerd Jongsomjit

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02324

Tapanee Sangpatch, Nuta Supakata + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02324

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Abstract

This research investigated pyrolysis as a potential method to manage plastic waste in Sichang Island, Thailand. Pyrolysis was chosen to convert waste plastic into fuel oil using Al–Si catalysts derived from cogon grass. The study consisted of three stages. The first stage determined the composition of the waste plastics found in Sichang Island. High-density polyethylene (48%) comprised the highest proportion of the waste plastics, followed by low-density polyethylene (22%), polyethylene terephthalate (13%), polypropylene (10%), and polystyrene (7%). In the second stage, the Al–Si catalysts were prepared from cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv) by treating it with acid and calcination. The optimum conditions to extract silica from cogon grass through acid treatment were heating at 700 °C for 2 h, which yielded 97.7% of amorphous silica with a surface area of 172 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.43 cc/g. This amorphous silica was combined with an aluminum precursor to form Al–Si catalysts with 20–80 wt% of Al–Si. The results showed that the surface area of the catalyst increased with increasing aluminum content. The optimum ratio was 60 wt% of Al–Si with a surface area of 200 m2/g. In the final stage, the catalytic properties of the previously prepared Al–Si catalysts in the pyrolysis of waste plastics were evaluated. The catalyst enhanced the plastic cracking process and the oil yield while decreasing the reaction time. The optimum ratio of 60% Al–Si to 10% waste plastic provided the maximum oil yield of 93.11% and the minimum reaction time of 20 min. The results showed that catalytic cracking with 60% Al–Si contributed to a high quantity of oil yield, similar to using a commercial Al–Si catalyst. The results of this research will be applied as an alternative method of recycling plastic for sustainable waste management in Sichang Island.

Highlights

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical problem in Thailand
To compare oil yield from the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste with synthetic Al–Si catalysts from cogon grass and other catalysts including Y-Zeolite, B-Zeolite, HZSM-5 [38,39,40,41] shown in Table 4, it was found that the Al–Si/60–40 catalyst from cogon grass produced oil yield (93.11%) as the commercial Al– Si catalysts (93.22%) [40] due to the catalyst obtained from cogon grass had total surface area (200 m2/g) as commercial Al– Si catalysts (235 m2/g)
This study investigated the role of Al–Si catalysts from cogon grass in pyrolysis used to produce fuel oil from waste plastic

Summary

Introduction

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical problem in Thailand. The Pollution Control Department (PCD) reported that 27.4 million tons of MSW was produced in 2017, but only 8.52 million tons were recycled or reused. According to the PCD report [2], the quantity of waste generated is expected to increase due to population and tourism growth [3]. According to the Sichang Municipality, the local government administration responsible for collecting and managing solid waste on the island, approximately 25 tons of solid waste are collected per day. A large amount of plastic refuse has been found on the beach and in the sea around Sichang Island [5, 6]. This waste takes hundreds of years to degrade [7]. 60–80% of which is plastic [9], ends up in the sea; this effect has become a global concern [10, 11, 12]

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