Fuel Economy Handbook

Abstract

Section 1 Consideration of a New or Replacement Boiler Plant: Financial Considerations.- Establish load pattern - maximum, minimum, load pattern hour by hour.- Degree of standby capacity.- Efficiencies of various boiler types.- Typical dimensions needed to accommodate.- Typical capital and running costs (capital cost small compared to annual fuel bills in most cases).- Combustion problems of various fuels.- Section 2 Consideration of a New or Replacement Boiler Plant: Operational Considerations.- Boiler auxiliaries.- Effect of short-term peaks in demand.- Chimney problems.- Automatic controls - what is worth fitting.- Section 3 Space Heating of Factories, Offices and Similar Buildings.- Possible methods - advantages and disadvantages.- Margins for severe weather.- Typical capital costs of various systems.- Methods of automatic control - savings possible.- Problems of solar radiation.- Insulation, double glazing, etc. - costs and value.- Section 4 The Various Fuels Available.- Properties - problems of storage and distribution.- Evaluation of cost effects and market situations.- Dual-fuel economies.- Residues from fuels: combustion products harmful effects, disposal.- Use of wastes as fuels.- Section 5 Tariffs and Charges.- Typical tariff examples.- Reasons why suppliers offer such tariffs.- Evaluation within a firm's premises - examples.- When to change to a different tariff.- Reasons which may allow negotiations on special tariff concessions.- Section 6 Services Within Factories or Buildings.- Rationalisation.- Compressed air.- Water, cooling water.- Costing of services.- Sources of waste.- Re-use of water, effluent problems.- Section 7 Standby Consideration: Generation of Permanent Supply.- Types of turbines and /or engines.- Parallel or sectioned operation.- Implications of standby requirements.- Reliability.- Use of standby sets for peak-load lopping.- Section 8 Heat Distribution.- Steam and hot water utilisation.- Condensate return.- Other uses of condensate.- Section 9 Savings in Process.- Reducing heat demand and recovering waste heat.- Improving of drying plant.- Storage of heat.- Section 10 Small Industrial Furnaces.- Intermittent heating.- Heat recovery from furnaces.- Importance of furnace loading.