Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Systems in Residential Sector

Abstract

To realize future widespread use of residential fuel cell systems, a technology road map of 1-kW-class fuel cell combined heat and power (FC CHP) systems is proposed based on technology assessment and cost analysis. In this chapter, residential applications of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are discussed in terms of performance and cost. Currently, the cumulative number of shipments of PEFC CHP systems is the largest among several FC types in Japan and worldwide. The share of SOFC CHP systems with high electrical efficiency, i.e., small heat-to-power ratio (H/E), will increase gradually in the future, because a relatively small H/E is desirable in the Japanese residential sector. The cost reduction target for FC CHP systems is addressed in terms of economic and energy efficiencies. The cost analysis shows the break-even point of the FC CHP system price for residential heat and power demands. The result suggests that both the PEFC CHP and SOFC CHP systems can be applied to suitable demands of heat-to-power ratios. Considering the cost payback time, the final goal of FC CHP system price is discussed. The proposed technology road map suggests a technological pathway to achieve the final target of 1-kW-class FC CHP system price with relevant technological improvements and cost reduction. Improvements of electrical efficiency and durability (i.e., system lifetime) and material development for state-of-the-art fuel cell technology are also treated.