Abstract
Fucoidans from Moroccan brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata and Fucus spiralis were tested for their elicitor activity after their purification and complete characterization. The fucoidans of B. bifurcata (BBF) and of F. spiralis (FSF) were extracted and purified then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. The results show that BBF and FSF are mainly sulfated with 45.49 and 49.53% (w/w) sulfate, respectively. Analysis of neutral sugars determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that FSF and BBF were mainly composed of 64% and 91% fucose and 20% and 6% galactose, respectively, with a few other sugars such as glucose (8% in FSF), rhamnose (1% in BBF) and mannose (8% in FSF and, 2% in BBF). The eliciting activity of these sulfated polysaccharides in stimulating the natural defenses of the date palm was evaluated through the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the increase in phenols and lignin content in the roots. The results obtained clearly show that the two fucoidans early and intensely stimulate the natural defenses of the date palm after 24 h of treatments. This remarkable elicitor effect seems to be linked to the sulfated groups compared to non-sulfate alginates extracted from the same algae. These results open promising perspectives for a biological control approach against date palm diseases.
Highlights
Sulfated polysaccharides are increasingly recognized for their broad spectrum of biological activities
The aim of this work is to study the potential activity of fucoidans to elicit the natural defence mechanisms in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) roots as a monocotyledon plant
The abundance of the two brown algae B. bifurcata and F. spiralis on the Moroccan Atlantic coast was the reason for the choice of these two species
Summary
Sulfated polysaccharides are increasingly recognized for their broad spectrum of biological activities. They usually found in large quantities in brown seaweeds. Various biological activities could be discovered with each new sulfated polysaccharide extraction [1]. Amongst these polysaccharides, the most studied was carrageenan [2], ulvan [3] and fucoidans. Fucoidans at the molecular level constitute a polymer of L-fucose linked by (1,3) and (1,4) with residues mainly sulfated on C-4 [4,5]. The characteristic structure of fucoidans rich in L-fucose and sulfated ester groups has generated widespread interest due to their therapeutic effects. Several works reported the biological proprieties of fucoidans [6], namely antioxidant [7,8], antitumor [9,10,11,12] and anticoagulant [13]
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