Abstract
Fucoidan is a brown algae-derived polysaccharide having several biomedical applications. This study simultaneously compares the anti-cancer activities of crude fucoidans from Fucus vesiculosus and Sargassum filipendula, and effects of low (LMW, 10–50 kDa), medium (MMW, 50–100 kDa) and high (HMW, >100 kDa) molecular weight fractions of S. filipendula fucoidan against osteosarcoma cells. Glucose, fucose and acid levels were lower and sulphation was higher in F. vesiculosus crude fucoidan compared to S. filipendula crude fucoidan. MMW had the highest levels of sugars, acids and sulphation among molecular weight fractions. There was a dose-dependent drop in focal adhesion formation and proliferation of cells for all fucoidan-types, but F. vesiculosus fucoidan and HMW had the strongest effects. G1-phase arrest was induced by F. vesiculosus fucoidan, MMW and HMW, however F. vesiculosus fucoidan treatment also caused accumulation in the sub-G1-phase. Mitochondrial damage occurred for all fucoidan-types, however F. vesiculosus fucoidan led to mitochondrial fragmentation. Annexin V/PI, TUNEL and cytochrome c staining confirmed stress-induced apoptosis-like cell death for F. vesiculosus fucoidan and features of stress-induced necrosis-like cell death for S. filipendula fucoidans. There was also variation in penetrability of different fucoidans inside the cell. These differences in anti-cancer activity of fucoidans are applicable for osteosarcoma treatment.
Highlights
Fucoidan is a class of sulphated and fucose-rich polysaccharides usually derived from the fibrillar cell walls and intracellular spaces of brown algae
Comparison of neutral sugars, sulphation and acid contents in different fucoidans indicated that the lowest levels of neutral sugars and acid were present with the highest levels of sulphation (1.5 to 2 times more) in the case of crude extract from F. vesiculosus compared to all other fucoidans (Table 1)
Here, we investigated the variable effects of crude fucoidan derived from two different species of brown algae, namely, F. vesiculosus and S. filipendula, and further evaluated the effect of different molecular weight fractions from
Summary
Fucoidan is a class of sulphated and fucose-rich polysaccharides usually derived from the fibrillar cell walls and intracellular spaces of brown algae. Several factors can affect the structure of fucoidan, such as the species of seaweed from which it is extracted [2,3], habitat, season of harvest [4] and extraction method [5]. These can alter fucoidan’s molecular weight, monosaccharide. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 104; doi:10.3390/md18020104 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 104 composition, position of sulphate ester group, branching pattern and level of sulphation, affecting its bioactivity [6]
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