FTOR-Mod PSO: A fault tolerance and an optimal relay node selection algorithm for wireless sensor networks using modified PSO

Abstract

The wireless sensor network (WSN) is deployed with enormous sensors responsible for data collection. The most critical issue in WSN is higher energy utilization which degrades network lifetime and communication ability. Hence, several methods are applied in WSNs to expand network lifetime. Clustering is a proven technique for reducing energy consumption in WSNs. CH collects data from different sensor nodes (SN) in every cluster and then forwards it to the sink node. On the other hand, fault occurrence in CH collapses entire data communication. Hence, this paper proposes a fault-tolerant cluster-based routing technique to avoid such difficulties. The proposed scheme is fault tolerance and optimal relay node with modified Particle Swarm Optimization FTOR-Mod PSO. Here, fault tolerance is achieved by selecting the backup cluster head (BKCH) for every cluster through the battle royale optimization (BRO) algorithm. Moreover, an aggregator node (AG) is adopted for inter-cluster data transmission, and modified PSO (Mod PSO) identifies CH and AG’s best relay. Results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces delay to 0.15 s by reducing the routing overhead to 2.4%, thereby improving the network lifetime to 92.714%.