Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem that results from the interaction of environmental factors with genetic variants. Although a number of studies have suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with T2DM risk, the results have been inconsistent. To investigate whether FTO polymorphisms associate with T2DM risk and whether this association is region-related, we performed this spatial analysis and meta-analysis. More than 60,000 T2DM patients and 90,000 controls from 62 case-control studies were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Moran’s I statistic were used to estimate the association between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136, rs1421085, and rs17817499, and T2DM risk in different regions. rs9939609 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11–1.19) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10–1.18) conferred a predisposition to T2DM. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the association remained statistically significant for rs9939609 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.17) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.12). In the subgroup analysis of rs9939609 and rs8050136, similar results were observed in East Asia, while no association was found in North America. In South Asia, an association for rs9939609 was revealed but not for rs8050136. In addition, no relationship was found with rs1421085 or rs17817499 regardless of adjustment for BMI. Moran’s I statistic showed that significant positive spatial autocorrelations existed in rs9939609 and rs8050136. Studies on rs9939609 and rs8050136 focused on East Asia and South Asia, whereas studies on rs1421085 and rs17817499 were distributed in North America and North Africa. Our data suggest that the associations between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136 and T2DM are region-related, and the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of T2DM. Future studies should investigate this issue in more regions.
Highlights
Diabetes is a growing global health problem; more than 300 million people live with diabetes worldwide [1], and the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to rise [2]
A large number of studies have focused on the association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphisms, expression and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different populations [7,8,9,10]
Some meta-analyses have been performed to elucidate the relationship between FTO polymorphisms and T2DM risk
Summary
Diabetes is a growing global health problem; more than 300 million people live with diabetes worldwide [1], and the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to rise [2]. Is the most common type of diabetes, as it accounts for more than 90% of diabetes cases [3]. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is located on chromosome 16 In 2007, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) searching for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes confirmed a common variant (rs9939609) in the FTO gene that predisposes European populations to diabetes [6]. A large number of studies have focused on the association between FTO polymorphisms, expression and T2DM in different populations [7,8,9,10]. Some meta-analyses have been performed to elucidate the relationship between FTO polymorphisms and T2DM risk. A meta-analysis utilizing data from studies prior to 2010 identified an association between rs9939609 and
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