Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to present the development of antimicrobial coatings for different urinary catheters. Antimicrobial catheter coatings were prepared by immobilizing fluoroquinolones either with the use of linkers (covalent binding) or by activating the polymer matrix with iodine/bromine (noncovalent binding). The possibility of the deposition of antimicrobial agent(s) following bromine activation on latex, polyurethane, and silicone was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), used to monitor the changes in the catheter’s molecular structure occurring over the course of its multi-stage modification, confirmed the presence of fluoroquinolones in the catheter matrix as well as site-specific reactions. The amounts of drugs embedded in the catheter matrix were determined by the HPLC method. Stability of the drug binding was checked by examining the drug release. The new antimicrobial coatings obtained with the participation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics have the potential to protect the patient against infections during catheterization.
Highlights
Scientists have long been searching for ideal biomaterials that would be capable of inhibiting bacterial adhesion, thereby preventing infections in the course of urinary catheterization.The surface properties of materials such as morphology, functionality, surface charge density, interactions, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity play a vital role in bacterial adhesion
Since the research into the immobilization of active substances in solid biomaterials requires further investigation [16], this paper focused on investigating various ways of the immobilization of fluoroquinolone antibacterial substances and its aim was to present the development of antimicrobial coatings of different urinary catheters as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assessment of changes in the molecular structure of the catheter material during its multi-stage modification
With use of the FTIR method, sparfloxacin was proven to be a good choice to demonstrate the use of the FTIR method, sparfloxacin was proven to be a good choice to demonstrate the presence of this drug in the modified polymer matrix due to the unique absorption bands of the the presence of this drug in the modified polymer matrix due to the unique absorption bands of the amine group in the range of 4000–3000 cm−1
Summary
Scientists have long been searching for ideal biomaterials (i.e., those made up of biocompatible, antimicrobial, and antifouling materials) that would be capable of inhibiting bacterial adhesion, thereby preventing infections in the course of urinary catheterization.The surface properties of materials such as morphology, functionality, surface charge density, interactions, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity play a vital role in bacterial adhesion. With regard to the surface properties, the modifications are mainly accomplished by applying the following strategies: functionalization, coating, impregnation of the active molecule, and blending. The former two cause the development of bacteriostatic surfaces, whereas molecule impregnation and blending result in the development of bactericidal surfaces [1]. It appears that modification of the surface structure of the urinary catheter could reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections. Thin films based on silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogels, and other antifouling/antimicrobial materials, often containing silver or an alternative metal as well as other antimicrobials, have been proposed [1,2,3]
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