FTIR and GC-MS Analyses of Phytochemicals from Methanol Leaf Extract of Cissus Multistriata and Physiological Changes Induced in Male Rats Exposed to Naja Nigricollis Venom

Abstract

The present study sought to develop a blueprint for the identification of phyto-chemicals present in the methanol leaves extract of Cissus multistriata by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and test its antivenom activities against Naja nigricollis venom in male rats. Powdered leaves of C. multistriata were extracted using 50% methanol. FTIR analysis was carried out using SHIMADZU FTIR-8400S while GC-MS analysis was carried out using a SHIMADZU Japan GCMS-QP2010 PLUS mass spectrometer coupled to a SHIMADZU gas chromatograph. The antivenom property of the plant was tested by intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of the extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of rats. Venom was administered i. p. at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of rats after 30 minutes. The IR spectrum suggested the presence of methyl, hydroxyl and unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds in the bioactive compounds of the leaf extract. Two likely compounds as derived from the GC-MS chart are 2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-benzenediol, 2, 6, 8-Trimethylbicyclo[4, 2, 0]oct-2-ene-1,8-diol. Envenomation with N. nigricollis venom led to significant decreases in the levels of total protein and albumin with concomitant increase in creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. The plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), and alkaline amino transferase (ALT) were significantly increased as well as the serum levels of sodium, potassium and chloride in rats challenged with venom compared with control rats. The above results indicate that C. multistriata contains numerous bioactive compounds and can neutralize N. nigricollis snake venom.