Abstract
The growing demand for more sustainable, alternative processes leading to production of plant-derived preparations imposes the use of plants waste generated mainly by agri-food and pharmaceutical industries. These mostly unexploited but large quantities of plants waste also increase the interest in developing alternative approaches for sustainable production of therapeutic molecules. In order to reduce the amount of plant waste by further processing, different novel extraction techniques can be applied. Fruits and their industrial by-products are rich sources of different classes of compounds with therapeutic properties. The processed fruits waste can be reused and lead to novel pharmaceuticals, food supplements or functional foods. This review intends to briefly summarize recent aspects regarding the production of different active compounds from fruit by-products, and their therapeutic properties. The potential use of fruits by-products in different industries will be also discussed.
Highlights
According to the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization, the production of different fruits around the world exceeded one billion tones in 2017, which, depending on geographical areas, consumption and growing traditions, inevitably leads to the generation of large amounts of byproducts and waste (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2017)
The management of by-products resulted from fruits processing is one of the major problems of agri-food industries
Large quantities of waste containing a rich composition of biological compounds can be considered hazardous as may cause phytotoxicity phenomena, including plant growth interference, contamination of the aqueous media, deterioration of drinking water quality, death of sensitive marine organisms, inhibition of seed germination, and intestinal disorders in fed animals (Klapa, 2015). Even if these large amounts of waste can lead to environmental issues, Active Principles From Fruits Wastes at the same time, with a proper treatment, they can represent a low-cost raw material, rich in potentially valuable components for other industries (Rabetafika et al, 2014)
Summary
According to the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization, the production of different fruits around the world exceeded one billion tones in 2017, which, depending on geographical areas, consumption and growing traditions, inevitably leads to the generation of large amounts of byproducts and waste (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2017). Large quantities of waste containing a rich composition of biological compounds can be considered hazardous as may cause phytotoxicity phenomena, including plant growth interference, contamination of the aqueous media, deterioration of drinking water quality, death of sensitive marine organisms, inhibition of seed germination, and intestinal disorders in fed animals (Klapa, 2015) Even if these large amounts of waste can lead to environmental issues, Active Principles From Fruits Wastes at the same time, with a proper treatment, they can represent a low-cost raw material, rich in potentially valuable components for other industries (Rabetafika et al, 2014). The advantages of pressurized liquid extraction (super and sub-critical fluid extraction) are low processing temperature (removing the possibility of thermal degradation of phytochemicals), the ease of separation with no solvent residue in the recovered substance, and the minimization of undesirable oxidation reactions This technique presents a major disadvantage, as it can be applied only for isolation of compounds of low or medium polarity (Garcia-Salas et al, 2010). The disadvantages of this method are the inflammability of the solvents and the multitude of parameters to be optimized
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