Fruit Waste Substrates to Produce Single-Cell Proteins as Alternative Human Food Supplements and Animal Feeds Using Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Asiri Nisansala Dunuweera,Dinusha Nayomi Nikagolla,Kapilan Ranganathan,Aqeel Ahmad

doi:10.1155/2021/9932762

Asiri Nisansala Dunuweera, Dinusha Nayomi Nikagolla + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9932762

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Abstract

Production of single-cell proteins (SCP) utilizing food wastes is an alternative solution to meet the global protein shortage and minimize pollution problems. Utilization of fruit wastes to produce SCP via fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for animal feed and potential human food was studied. The waste materials such as Mango (Mangifera indica), Prickly Custard Apple (Annona muricata), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya), Banana (Musa accuminara Colla), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale), Cacao (Theobroma cacao), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were used as the substrates for SCP production. Maximum biomass production yield and protein production were significantly higher on the fourth day ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in all the fruit waste substrates. The maximum dried biomass and the protein production were significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in the PAM substrate (0.429 ± 0.004 g and 48.32 ± 2.84% resp.) than the others, and PGM substrate yielded significantly lower biomass and protein. Considering the moisture content and ash content, the highest values were observed in JM and BM substrates, respectively, while the least values were observed in CM and PGM substrates. The bulk density values were ranging from 0.31 to 0.61 g/cm3. The values for water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity (mL/g) were high in all substrates, and they were comparable to each of them.

Highlights

Production of single-cell proteins (SCP) utilizing food wastes is an alternative solution to meet the global protein shortage and minimize pollution problems
Lysine and methionine are the abundant amino acids present in SCPs, which are limiting in most plant and animal-based diets [8]. ere are essential requirements when producing SCPs, such as physically or Journal of Food Quality chemically pretreated carbon source, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. ose components are needed for the optimal growth of the selected microorganism
To produce biomass of SCPs, bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae are used widely, yeast SCP is a high-nutrient feed substitute [10]. e advantages of yeast to use as a common microorganism to produce SCPs are being easy to harvest because they are larger than bacteria, high level of malic acid content, high lysine content, the ability to grow at acidic pH, and long history of traditional use [11]

Summary

Research Article

Fruit Waste Substrates to Produce Single-Cell Proteins as Alternative Human Food Supplements and Animal Feeds Using Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). SCP is dried cells of microorganisms used as a protein supplement in human foods or animal feeds by extracting the total amount of proteins from pure cultures or cocultures of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and microscopic algae [5]. The waste materials (peels/mesocarps) of Mango (Mangifera indica), Prickly Custard Apple (Annona muricata), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya), Banana (Musa sp.), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale), Cacao ( eobroma cacao), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were introduced as a potential substrate for fermentation to produce bio protein which can be used in food as such or as animal feed

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

CM JM PGM

MM PCAM PAM PM BM MSM CAM CM JM PGM