Abstract
Pear decline, European stone fruit yellows and apple proliferation are among the most important phytoplasma diseases of fruit trees in Europe. Their genetically related agents, all belonging to the phylogenetic group of “Apple proliferation”, are transmitted by psyllids which overwinter as infectious adults. The data up to now obtained in our investigation of the three diseases - aimed at contributing to the understanding of their epidemiology and consequently planning an effective defence program - confirm the biological similarities existing between the causal phytoplasmas, although they appear to be quite distinct. To prevent the three diseases, control of overwintering generations of the specific vectors seems to be of fundamental importance.
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