Abstract
Smart packaging of fresh produce is an emerging technology toward reduction of waste and preservation of consumer health and safety. Smart packaging systems also help to prolong the shelf life of perishable foods during transport and mass storage, which are difficult to regulate otherwise. The use of these ever-progressing technologies in the packaging of fruits has the potential to result in many positive consequences, including improved fruit quality, reduced waste, and associated improved public health. In this review, we examine the role of smart packaging in fruit packaging, current-state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects. First, we discuss the motivation behind fruit quality monitoring and maintenance, followed by the background on the development process of fruits, factors used in determining fruit quality, and the classification of smart packaging technologies. Then, we discuss conventional freshness sensors for packaged fruits including direct and indirect freshness indicators. After that, we provide examples of possible smart packaging systems and sensors that can be used in monitoring fruits quality, followed by several strategies to mitigate premature fruit decay, and active packaging technologies. Finally, we discuss the prospects of smart packaging application for fruit quality monitoring along with the associated challenges and prospects.
Highlights
Present civilization has an extreme urgency of innovation in the field of food production, storage, and distribution to solve hunger problems that still afflict several parts of the world
Fruits packaging is a critical step toward the transport and of produce, Fruits packaging is a critical step toward the transport and sale sale of produce, and itand can itbecan be categorized into two main types based on its objectives: consumer packaging categorized into two main types based on its objectives: consumer packaging and transand transportation
The indirect sensors should indicate the freshness monitoring determine the relative amount of moisture in the environment, according to the following results in terms of change of color and electronic signal output when exposed to abnormal equation: storage temperatures and/or humidity
Summary
Present civilization has an extreme urgency of innovation in the field of food production, storage, and distribution to solve hunger problems that still afflict several parts of the world. Maturation is defined by the biological growth rate of the fruit, but ripeness refers to the development that causes the fruit to reach a desirable stage for consumption. This stage is often described using characteristics such as color and physical texture. The different processing stages of fruits have a big impact on their quality that requires good handling, storage, and transportation techniques to help limit spoilage and wastage while preserving freshness. Fruit physiology, growth stages, and harvesting can provide a bridge between freshness sensors and smart packaging sensors for a more improved monitoring of fruits quality
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