Fruit quality assessment and characterization of melon genotypes

Abstract

ABSTRACT Local melon germplasm are sources of natural variation with great potential, unfortunately, they are being replaced by hybrids and modern high-yielding disease-resistant/tolerant varieties. To recognize, and encourage re-use, local melon genotypes previously selected for resistance to Fusarium wilt disease, were evaluated for morphological, nutritional and biochemical traits. The evaluated melons expressed a wide range of phenotypes for morphological fruit characteristics, taste, and composition. Differences occurred between botanical groups and within the same group. The “Galaoui” genotype of reticulatus botanical group presented the highest β-carotene value (6.6 mg∙kg−1 FW) and the highest flavonoid content (45.45 mg CE∙kg−1 FW). The “Dziri” genotype of inodorus botanical group had the highest phenolic content (896.67 mg GAE∙kg−1 FW); genotype Rupa of cantalupensis group had the highest antioxidant activity value (14.61%). Genotype Asli of inodorus group had the highest vitamin C content (0.15 g/100mL fresh juice). These genotypes might be appropriate for breeding program to increase the functional properties of commercial varieties. Moreover, principal component analysis showed a great dispersion of melon genotypes. The hierarchical ascending classification indicated genotypes were sorted into four cluster groups based on fresh weight, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and β-carotene contents. The diversity identified in this study, especially from the four group types, showed that some Tunisian genotypes are featured with several morphological and biochemical characteristics, they had melon quality exceeding commercial hybrids, and could be further exploited as a promising material for the creation of new improved varieties.