Abstract
Garcinia gardneriana (Clusiaceae) is a small to medium-sized tree that usually occurs on the floodplains of the Paraná River and it is an important food source for the local inhabitants. The fruit itself is consumed in natura, and juices and sweets are made from it. The purpose of this study was to describe morphological and structural aspects of fruits and seeds of this species in order to classify the fruit type and the pulpy layer which involves the seeds. The material analyzed consisted of ovary and fruits in different stages of development, collected from five plants from Aurélio Island, Baía River (MS, BR) and the description was done according to standard procedures in anatomy. The fruit is a yellowish-orange spherical berry ("bacóide" type). The smooth, coriaceous skin consists of the lignified exocarp. The endocarp cell layers are derived from the activity of an adaxial meristem that undergoes radial elongation. The edible sweet white pulp is formed by the endocarp, as well as the spongy mesocarp, in which the secretory ducts lose their function. The unitegmic anatropous ovules develop into anatropous exalbuminous seeds with a collapsed and undifferentiated testa. The embryo is hypocotylar. The features here described generally occur in Clusioideae-Garcinieae and Symphonieae.
Highlights
Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae – Clusioideae - Garcinieae) is a pantropical genus comprising approximately 500 species, most of which are found in the Indo-Malaysian region
The Neotropical species were often included in the Rheedia L genus, lately they have been considered a synonym of Garcinia (Bittrich 2003)
Samples used for anatomical studies of the pericarp and developing seeds were analyzed in transversal, longitudinal, and paradermal sections that were cut either freehand or using a rotary microtome
Summary
Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae – Clusioideae - Garcinieae) is a pantropical genus comprising approximately 500 species, most of which are found in the Indo-Malaysian region. & Triana) Zapp, known as “abricó-do-mato”, “bacupari”, “pacori”, “bacopari” (Berg 1979) or “limãozinho”, is consumed by humans living on the floodplain of the Alto Paraná River (Porto Rico, Paraná state, Brazil) in the form of juice or sweets, or in natura (Pagotto & Souza, unpublished data). This species is widely distributed from the states of Amazônia to Rio Grande do Sul and it is found in the Atlantic Forest, the transition areas of Atlantic. The fruits are commonly eaten by the Brown Capuchin Monkey and “cutia” rodents (Bittrich 2003)
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