Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes and their polyphenol content with subsequent sleep duration in UK women. In this study, 13,958 women with ~4 years of follow-up in the UK Women’s Cohort Study were included in the analyses. FV intakes were assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and average hours of sleep per day were self-reported in follow-up. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching FV items from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database. Linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used for the analyses. Consuming an additional portion of apples, kiwi, oranges, pineapple, and 100% pure juice were associated with shorter sleep. Similarly, an additional portion of cabbage, celery, aubergine, olives, and peppers were inversely associated with sleep duration. An additional gram of total polyphenols was associated with shorter sleep by 18 min (99% CI −31 to −4, p < 0.001). FV consumption and total polyphenol content were inversely associated with sleep duration; however, effect sizes were small, and polyphenol classes from FV intakes were not associated with sleep duration. Future intervention studies considering the time of FV consumption in relation to sleep are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Highlights
Epidemiological studies have shown that short sleep duration is associated with hypertension [1], type 2 diabetes [2], cardiovascular disease [3], all-cause mortality [4,5], and a 45% increased risk of obesity compared to normal sleep duration [6,7]
The final number (n column in Tables 2–4 and in Appendix A) of women included in the analyses indicates complete data of allevidence covariates the model, and difference in (n) is due to missing sufficient experimental that included body massin index (BMI) and physical activity independently influence fruit and vegetable consumption and their polyphenols to include as an adjustment in the data of any of the included covariates in the model
The timing of fruit and vegetables (FV) intakes was not assessed in this study, this could be one explanation of the negative associations we found between FV intakes and sleep duration
Summary
Epidemiological studies have shown that short sleep duration is associated with hypertension [1], type 2 diabetes [2], cardiovascular disease [3], all-cause mortality [4,5], and a 45% increased risk of obesity compared to normal sleep duration [6,7]. These associations, in part, may be mediated through changes in dietary intake including fruit and vegetables (FV) that influence bodyweight and chronic disease risk [8,9]. A double-blinded pilot study showed that fresh tart cherry juice reduced
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