Abstract
Fructose and salt intake remain high, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The present studies were designed to evaluate the impact of high fructose and/or salt during pre- and early adolescence on salt sensitivity, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and left ventricular (LV) function in maturity. Male 5-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were studied over three 3-week phases (Phases I, II, and III). Two reference groups received either 20% glucose + 0.4% NaCl (GCS-GCS) or 20% fructose + 4% NaCl (FHS-FHS) throughout this study. The two test groups ingested fructose + 0.4% NaCl (FCS) or FHS during Phase I, then GCS in Phase II, and were then challenged with 20% glucose + 4% NaCl (GHS) in Phase III: FCS-GHS and FHS-GHS, respectively. Compared with GCS-GCS, systolic and mean pressures were significantly higher at the end of Phase III in all groups fed fructose during Phase I. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was elevated at the end of Phase I in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS (vs. GCS-GCS). At the end of Phase III, PWV and renal resistive index were higher in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS vs. GCS-GCS. Diastolic, but not systolic, LV function was impaired in the FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS but not FCS-FHS rats. Consumption of 20% fructose by male rats during adolescence results in salt-sensitive hypertension in maturity. When ingested with a high-salt diet during this early plastic phase, dietary fructose also predisposes to vascular stiffening and LV diastolic dysfunction in later life.
Highlights
The prevalence of hypertension has been increasing in recent decades in the UnitedStates both independently and concurrently with diabetes [1]
Plasma glucose and insulin levels did not vary among the groups and were comparable to either vendor specifications for standard
The glucose:insulin ratio was nearly two-fold higher in the Glucose + Control Salt (GCS)-GCS rats compared with Fructose + High Salt (FHS)-Glucose + High Salt (GHS) and FHS-FHS rats, statistical significance was achieved only for the FHS-GHS (p < 0.01) but not for FHS-FHS groups (p = 0.0512)
Summary
The prevalence of hypertension has been increasing in recent decades in the United States both independently and concurrently with diabetes [1]. Elevated fructose consumption has been implicated in metabolic disorders and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity [2,3,4]. Ingestion of 20% fructose in drinking water together with high-salt chow, which is more representative of the diet ingested by the upper quintile in humans in the United States, results in sodium and fluid retention in rats, enhanced sympathetic activation, and inadequate suppression of plasma renin activity, leading to a hypertensive state prior to development of frank metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus [6,7]. Several studies have demonstrated the effect of excess fructose consumption on cardiovascular systems in adults [8,9,10]. Fructose intake in adolescents accounts for nearly 20% of daily energy consumption [16,17]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
