Abstract
Fructose intake is a risk factor for calcium oxalate stone disease. It has been hypothesized that fructose metabolism promotes oxalate synthesis leading to the increased stone risk. To assess this relationship we have compared glucose and fructose metabolism in cultured HepG2 cells. Oxalate synthesis was measured by ion chromatography (IC), glyoxylate by HPLC, and other anions including sugar phosphates by IC/MS. The rate of oxalate synthesis with 5mM fructose as the main carbohydrate source, 2.08 ± 0.48 nmoles/mg protein/day was 2.9 times higher than that observed with 5 mM glucose, 0.73 ± 0.14 nmoles/mg protein/day. Dose and time dependent effects were observed. Increased syntheses of glycolate and glyoxylate were not detected, suggesting that these organic acids are not involved in this metabolism. Glyceraldehyde is produced from fructose metabolism but not glucose metabolism. It is possible that the metabolism of this aldehyde results in oxalate synthesis, increasing urinary oxalate excretion and the risk of stone formation.
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