Abstract
Excess dietary fructose is a major public health concern (1–4). Evidence shows increased fructose intake can cause insulin resistance, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (5–9). However, little is known about the effects of fructose during pregnancy and its influence on offspring development and predisposition to later-life disease. To determine whether moderately increased maternal fructose intake could have health consequences on offspring, we have investigated the effects of 10% w/v fructose water intake during preconception and pregnancy. Female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were fed a control diet (CD) or fructose diet (FD;10% kcal from fructose) ad-libitum 60 days prior to mating and throughout gestation. Offspring were culled at weaning, day 21 (d21). Compared to CD dams, FD dams had altered glucose metabolism and increased milk free fatty acid content. Matsuda-DeFronzo insulin sensitivity index (M-ISI) from OGTT plasma showed no significant difference in whole-body insulin sensitivity between FD and CD dams 60 days post-dietary intervention and during midgestation. Fetal exposure to increased maternal fructose resulted in offspring with significantly altered serum free fatty acids at days 0, 7, 14, and 21 [including pentadecanoic acid (15:0), dma16:0, margaric acid (17:0) palmitoleic acid, total omega-7 and total saturates], increased levels of uric acid and triglycerides were also observed at d21. We have demonstrated that increased fructose intake during pregnancy can cause significant changes in maternal metabolic function and milk composition, which alters offspring metabolism. Taken together, these changes in pregnancy outcomes and feto-maternal condition may underlie their offspring's predisposition to metabolic dysfunction during later-life.
Highlights
Excess dietary fructose intake is a major public health concern [1,2,3,4]
We have investigated the effects of moderate fructose intake on the metabolic status of dams prior to and during pregnancy and subsequent offspring metabolic status up to weaning
We show that an intake of fructose which closely resembles average human consumption, contributing 16.5% of total caloric intake during pregnancy, has a significant impact upon a pregnant dams’ metabolic status and negatively impacts milk lipid composition
Summary
Excess dietary fructose intake is a major public health concern [1,2,3,4]. It has been shown that when the liver metabolizes fructose excess, it can result in metabolic dysregulation resulting in hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty. Maternal Fructose Programmes Offspring Metabolism liver disease [5,6,7,8,9]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends simple sugars from processed foods and sugarsweetened beverages should be
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