Abstract
Fructose, glucose, and an equimolar mixture of both sugars affected differently hyphae thickness, biomass production and secretion of β-fructofuranosidase in Penicillium janczewskii. Reduced growth, thinner hyphae and visible injuries were early observed during fungal cultivation in fructose-containing medium, reaching the maximum between 12 and 15 days of culture. Total sugar content from the cell wall was lower when fructose was supplied and polysaccharides lower than 10 kDa predominated, regardless the culture age. Maximal inulinase and invertase activities were detected in culture filtrates after 12 days, excepting in the glucose-containing medium. Structural changes in cell walls coincided with the increase of extracellular enzyme activity in the fructose-containing medium. The fragility of the hyphae might be related with both low carbohydrate content and predominance of low molecular weight glucans in the walls. Data presented here suggest changes in carbohydrate component of the cell walls are induced by the carbon source.
Highlights
Two basic morphological units can be distinguished in the vegetative stage of fungal growth, the yeast form and the hyphal or filamentous one
When the fungus was grown in a mixture of glucose + fructose it was observed a slight increase of proteins throughout the growing period analyzed, but the content was about 10 times lower than those found in the other media
Comparison of growth and induction of β‐fructofuranosidase activity of P. janczewskii grown in liquid medium using different carbon sources The growth pattern of P. janczewskii cultured in liquid or solid media containing glucose or an equimolar mixture of glucose + fructose (Figs. 1a, 2) was very similar to that previously reported for the same species growing on sucrose or inulin as carbon sources (Pessoni et al 1999, 2007)
Summary
Two basic morphological units can be distinguished in the vegetative stage of fungal growth, the yeast form (or unicellular) and the hyphal or filamentous one. The biosynthesis of cell wall is a key process in the growth and morphogenesis of the fungal cells Despite their key role in the development of these organisms, little is known about cell wall structure, mainly with respect to the arrangement of various polymers and their effects on the physical and biological properties of the cell wall. It is not yet clear how these basic processes are coordinated to produce all the morphological diversity found in filamentous fungi (Latgé 2010). In the present work we analyzed changes in cell wall structure and composition of P. janczewskii growing on fructose, glucose or fructose + glucose as carbon sources, aiming at a better understanding of the effects of fructose on cell wall structure and composition and production of extracellular β-fructofuranosidases (β-d-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase EC 3.2.1.26)
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