Abstract
Soybean-induced anaphylaxis poses a severe threat to the health of humans and animals. Some commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, can prevent and treat allergic diseases. Prebiotic oligosaccharides, a food/diet additive, can enhance health and performance via modulating gut microbes and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) could alleviate soybean-induced anaphylaxis by modulating gut microbes. Piglets (21 days of age) were sensitized with a diet containing 5% soybean and 30% peeled soybean meal. The treatment with 0.6% FOS started 1 day prior to sensitization and continued everyday thereafter. Blood was collected for measurements of immune indices. The DNA samples isolated from fresh intestinal contents of the middle jejunum (M-jejunum), posterior jejunum (P-jejunum), ileum, and cecum were used for gene sequencing based on 16S rRNA. Our results showed that there was an increase of glycinin-specific IgG, β-conglycinin-specific IgG, total serum IgG and IgE, and occurrence of diarrhea in piglets sensitized with soybean antigen. There was a decrease in interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 and an increase of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in piglets with FOS treatment, compared with the piglets without FOS treatment. Improvement of intestinal microbes was indicated mostly by the increase of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and the decrease of Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum. The correlation analysis indicated that FOS treatment decreased those closely related to the key species of gut microbes. These results suggest that FOS can alleviate soybean antigen-induced anaphylaxis, which is associated with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in M-jejunum and declined Proteobacteria in P-jejunum and ileum of piglets.
Highlights
Soybean is a species of legume and an ideal source of protein for humans and animals (Guo et al, 2007; Sun et al, 2008)
We evaluated the impact of FOS on anaphylaxis induced by soybean antigen protein in piglets by determining the expression of a series of inflammatory and immune factors (IgG, IgE, IFN-γ, interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and the gut microbes
We found that glycinin and β-conglycininspecific IgG levels decreased in the FOS group; so, we speculated that FOS may suppress the specific IgG antibody by modulating gut microbes and alleviate soybeaninduced anaphylaxis
Summary
Soybean is a species of legume and an ideal source of protein for humans and animals (Guo et al, 2007; Sun et al, 2008). Soybean-induced anaphylaxis in humans and young animals is attributed mainly to allergens such as glycinin and β-conglycinin (Van de Lagemaat et al, 2007). Patients with anaphylaxis often exhibit symptoms such as tremor, throat edema, rash, and acute asthma. Fructo-Oligosaccharide Alleviates Soybean-Induced Allergy with soybean-induced anaphylaxis can have symptoms such as diarrhea, dysbiosis of intestinal digestive system, and even death (Wang et al, 2014). Recent studies demonstrated that the addition of exogenous active substances such as lipoic acid (Cho et al, 2004), plant extracts (Hao et al, 2010; Julie et al, 2010), probiotics (Ly et al, 2011), or prebiotics (Gourbeyre et al, 2013) can prevent and treat allergies effectively
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