Fréquence de l’ulcère cornéen à propos de 380 cas : étude rétrospective menée dans deux centres hospitaliers en RD Congo

Abstract

To determine the frequency of corneal ulcer in our practice environment. This study was conducted at Saint-Joseph Hospital in Kinshasa and at the Lubumbashi University Clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo from January 2011 to December 2014. We studied the frequency, demographic and clinical variables of corneal ulcer patients. A total of 380 cases of corneal ulcers were recorded out of 44,722 ophthalmologic consultations performed, with a frequency of 0.85% and a sex ratio ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 men to women. Corneal ulcer was diagnosed in patients of all ages; the mean age was 38.67±18.67 years. Patients with corneal ulcers presented for eye pain (80%), followed by tearing, photophobia, eye redness and blurred vision. The frequency of visual impairment was 10.30%; 2.1% of patients had vision reduced to light perception, and 1% of patients had no light perception. Corneal dystrophy was present in 41.6% of cases. Perforation of the globe and endophthalmitis were observed in 3.4% of cases each. Corneal ulceration is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in our practice environment. An early ophthalmologic consultation at the onset of symptoms and adequate management would improve the visual prognosis of patients.