Abstract
Unseasonal temperatures, as low as −6°C, were recorded in western Montana in mid-June 1969, a period when western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) larvae were actively feeding on newly developing foliage of coniferous host trees. Studies in progress at that time provided circumstantial evidence that the freeze reduced: (1) budworm populations on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) over 90%; and (2) budworm damage to young larch 54–71%.
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