Abstract
The influences of fines content, methylene blue (MB) value, and lithology of crushed sand (CS) on frost durability and strength of concrete were investigated, and the frost durability and strength of crushed sand concrete (CSC) and river sand concrete (RSC) were compared. The results show that inclusion of fines improves CSC compressive strength and reduces frost durability of C30 CSC when fines content reaches 10%, whereas it has little negative influence on frost durability of C60 CSC. Increasing MB value does not negatively affect compressive strength of C30 CSC but decreases compressive strength of C60 CSC and frost durability of CSC, and the reduction is more pronounced when MB value exceeds 1.0. Lithology has no prominent influence on frost durability and compressive strength of CSC within the lithologies (dolomite, limestone, granite, basalt, and quartz) studied. Though compressive strength of CSC is a little higher than RSC under equal water to cement ratio, frost durability of CSC is no better than RSC especially for C30 CSC, and air-entraining agent is suggested for enhancing frost durability of C30 CSC exposed to freezing environment.
Highlights
Fine aggregate is a necessary raw material for making concrete, and its characteristics can impact concrete properties from workability to strength and durability
At a given water to cement (W/C) ratio, concrete made with crushed sand (CS) often presents higher water demand and poorer workability than corresponding concrete made with river sand (RS), yet this negative effect can be offset by using high range water reducer or mineral admixture
3 d compressive strength of C60 crushed sand concrete (CSC) increases with fines content from 3 to 15%, 28 d compressive strength begins to decrease after achieving a maximum strength at 7%
Summary
Fine aggregate is a necessary raw material for making concrete, and its characteristics can impact concrete properties from workability to strength and durability. CS particles are more angular and much tougher when compared with RS particles and contain 10–20% of fines which are finer than 75 μm. These fines are likely to be contaminated by clay in the field and the presence of clay can be detected by MB value [1, 2]. Coarse texture strengthens the bonding between sand particle and cement paste, and the fines fill in the voids in cement paste to generate a denser matrix, which makes CSC have relatively higher strength and permeability resistance than RSC [6,7,8]
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