Abstract
AbstractThe influence of ice crystal formation in tissues of unhardened and hardened seedlings of Pinus silvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. was determined. An apparatus for this purpose was constructed.Unhardened seedlings of spruce collapsed completely as a result of ice crystal formation in their shoots, while unhardened seedlings of pine survived ice crystal formation with or without injury to the needles. After a hardening period of 4–5 weeks, seedlings of spruce and pine survived ice formation but injuries occurred in spruce. For pine, on the contrary, the temperature after ice formation had a decisive effect on the extent of the injuries. Observed injuries are discussed in terms of inter‐ and intracellular ice crystal formation.
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