Abstract
Most of the etiology studies of bladder cancer focus on genetic changes, mainly including mutation and activation of oncogenes, mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and rearrangement or heterozygous deletion of chromosomes. Moreover, bladder cancer is highly heterogeneous mainly due to abnormal changes in the genome and proteome of tumor cells. Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer, but because the recurrence rate is high after surgery and most of the muscle-invasive bladder cancer acquires distant metastasis. Therefore, there is a need to combine with chemotherapy to consolidate the treatment effect. However, there are differences in chemosensitivity among patients. In this article, we review the up-to-date genomic researches on bladder cancer occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemosensitivity in patients, in order to provide some theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment strategy for bladder cancer.
Highlights
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignant disease worldwide, with 549,393 new cases reported in 2018, and it ranks fourteenth in cancer mortality worldwide
This review will summarize the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer occurrence, development and metastasis, as well as the sensitivity towards chemotherapy in patients, in order to pave the way for diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and personalized care for bladder cancer
These findings suggest that the genomic heterogeneity between muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is likely to be significantly different in the biological behavior of the two bladder cancers
Summary
Yi Li 1†, Lihui Sun 2†, Xiangyang Guo 1, Na Mo 3, Jinku Zhang 4,5* and Chong Li 2,5,6,7*. Edited by: Meng Zhang, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China. Most of the etiology studies of bladder cancer focus on genetic changes, mainly including mutation and activation of oncogenes, mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and rearrangement or heterozygous deletion of chromosomes. Bladder cancer is highly heterogeneous mainly due to abnormal changes in the genome and proteome of tumor cells. Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer, but because the recurrence rate is high after surgery and most of the muscle-invasive bladder cancer acquires distant metastasis. We review the up-to-date genomic researches on bladder cancer occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemosensitivity in patients, in order to provide some theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment strategy for bladder cancer
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