Abstract
Movement is accompanied by beta power changes over frontal and sensorimotor regions: a decrease during movement (event-related desynchronization, ERD), followed by an increase (event-related synchronization, ERS) after the movement end. We previously found that enhancements of beta modulation (from ERD to ERS) during a reaching test (mov) occur over frontal and left sensorimotor regions after practice in a visuo-motor adaptation task (ROT) but not after visual learning practice. Thus, these enhancements may reflect local cumulative effects of motor learning. Here we verified whether they are triggered by the learning component inherent in ROT or simply by motor practice in a reaching task without such learning (MOT). We found that beta modulation during mov increased over frontal and left areas after three-hour practice of either ROT or MOT. However, the frontal increase was greater after ROT, while the increase over the left area was similar after the two tasks. These findings confirm that motor practice leaves local traces in beta power during a subsequent motor test. As they occur after motor tasks with and without learning, these traces likely express the cost of processes necessary for both usage and engagement of long-term potentiation mechanisms necessary for the learning required by ROT.
Highlights
Movement is accompanied by beta power changes over frontal and sensorimotor regions: a decrease during movement, followed by an increase after the movement end
Are the carry-over effects on beta modulation strictly related to motor learning or do they occur to the same degree after practice in a motor task without a learning component? To answer this question, here we investigated whether extensive motor practice in two reaching tasks, one requiring continuous visuo-motor adaptation
The present study shows that extended motor practice, independently of the learning load, leaves traces in movement-related beta modulation of a subsequent simple reaching task, albeit with topographies and magnitudes that reflect the differential engagement of the examined Regions of Interest (ROIs) in the specific tasks
Summary
Movement is accompanied by beta power changes over frontal and sensorimotor regions: a decrease during movement (event-related desynchronization, ERD), followed by an increase (event-related synchronization, ERS) after the movement end. We previously found that enhancements of beta modulation (from ERD to ERS) during a reaching test (mov) occur over frontal and left sensorimotor regions after practice in a visuo-motor adaptation task (ROT) but not after visual learning practice These enhancements may reflect local cumulative effects of motor learning. Beta ERD should reflect the activation of the motor network and the increase in corticospinal e xcitability[6], while the subsequent rebound (ERS) would represent the activation of an extended network, which includes somatosensory and prefrontal regions, with the purpose of assessing and eventually updating the activated motor representations This updating process makes it likely that movement-related beta modulation, and ERS in particular, may be linked to the engagement of long-term potentiation-(LTP) mediated mechanisms. (ROT) and the other only plain movements (MOT), would leave the same local traces on movement-related beta modulation during a successive reaching movement test (mov)
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