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Abstract
Emotions play an important role in human interaction and decision-making processes. Frontal asymmetry in brain activity is a promising neurophysiological indicator of emotion. Emotions are psychologically explained by the valence-arousal model, but as yet, frontal asymmetry has not been fully explained by this model. In this study, we explored frontal asymmetry of emotions based on the valence-arousal model using the same auditory stimulus. Changes in emotional states using self-report questionnaires were investigated before and after the auditory stimulus. Spectral power and weighted phase lag index were calculated in the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. Phase-amplitude coupling was also measured to explore communication among different frequency bands associated with emotions. After the auditory stimulus, alpha power decreased in both left and right frontal regions and the delta-weighted phase lag index in the left-right regions was increased. However, no frontal asymmetry was identified after the auditory stimulus. Additionally, we explored the brain changes according to the valence-arousal model based on emotional states. After the auditory stimulus, frontal asymmetry of alpha power was clearly observed only for negative valence. This finding was possible because subjective emotions were considered despite listening to the same stimulus. Finally, phase-amplitude coupling identified left-hemisphere dominance after the auditory stimulus, regardless of subjective emotions. These results may help us understand frontal asymmetry associated with emotional mechanisms. In addition, these findings can be used directly in the brain-computer interface to improve emotion recognition performance for real-world practical applications.
Highlights
Emotion refers to a human state that occurs in response to the perception of an object or situation, and which plays a major role in human interactions, decision-making processes, and everyday life [1]
1) CHANGES IN EEG DURING THE AUDITORY STIMULUS We investigated significant changes during the 10-min auditory stimulus period compared to baseline
We found a difference in the beta wPLI over left frontal region and gamma wPLI over leftright frontal regions before and after the stimulus according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, but there was no difference according to the post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni’s correction
Summary
Emotion refers to a human state that occurs in response to the perception of an object or situation, and which plays a major role in human interactions, decision-making processes, and everyday life [1]. Human emotion can typically be conceptualized as a two-dimensional model involving valence and arousal as the vertical and horizontal axes [3]. The valence dimension represents positive or negative affectivity (pleasant or unpleasant), whereas the arousal dimension represents high or low affectivity (from calming to exciting) [4]. Many studies have been investigated using this two-dimensional valence-arousal emotion model. Fear is associated with a state of high arousal and negative valence, whereas excitement is characterized by high arousal and positive valence. It is difficult to distinguish similar emotions in the valence and arousal dimensions [6]. An alternative is to use physiological characteristics, such as brain activity, in conjunction with the valence-arousal model to better investigate emotional responses
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