From Zadeh’s Fuzziness to Smarandache’s Neutrosophy: A Review

Abstract

The present paper reviews the process that led from Zadeh’s fuzziness to Smarandache’s neutrosophy. Starting from fuzzy sets and logic and Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets, it proceeds to a detailed study of the concept of neutrosophic set, which takes in account the existing in real life indeterminacy. The basic operations on neutrosophic sets are defined and the classical notion of topological space is extended to the notion of neutrosophic topological space, where fundamental properties and concepts like convergence, continuity, compactness and Hausdorff topological spaces are naturally extended.