Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms used by the immune system to fight cancer development is one of the most ambitious undertakings in immunology. Detailed knowledge regarding the mechanisms of induction of tolerance and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment will contribute to the development of highly effective tumor eradication strategies. Research within the last few decades has shed more light on the matter. This paper aims to give an overview on the current knowledge of the main tolerance and immunosuppression mechanisms elicited within the tumor microenvironment, with the focus on development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies to improve homing and activity of immune effector cells to tumors.
Highlights
General IntroductionIn the beginning of the 20th century, the concept according to which the immune system can be manipulated for tumor prevention or tumor treatment has emerged
Unraveling the mechanisms used by the immune system to fight cancer development is one of the most ambitious undertakings in immunology
This paper aims to give an overview on the current knowledge of the main tolerance and immunosuppression mechanisms elicited within the tumor microenvironment, with the focus on development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies to improve homing and activity of immune effector cells to tumors
Summary
In the beginning of the 20th century, the concept according to which the immune system can be manipulated for tumor prevention or tumor treatment has emerged. Strong evidence supporting the existence of intricate antitumor immune responses lead to the more exhaustive concept of cancer immunoediting. According to this concept, the multistep process of cancer development consists of three phases. Malignant cells, generated after genetic modifications that may occur during cell division cycles, present the singular property of expressing tumor antigens, a feature which makes them immunologically distinguishable from nonmalignant cells Recognition of these tumor antigens by cells belonging to the host immune system leads to development of antitumor immune responses. This paper aims to give an overview on the current knowledge of the main tolerance and immunosuppression mechanisms elicited within the tumor microenvironment, with the focus on development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies to improve homing and activity of immune effector cells to tumors
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