Abstract
提要 本文從歷史語法的角度,探討「乞」在現代閩語方言中的演變,說明「乞」在閩語中具有的功能,包括實詞語義及功能詞用法,並嘗試從方言比較的角度建構「乞」在閩語語法史上的語法演變。根據漢語歷史文獻,「乞」有乞求義跟給予義兩個方向不同的動詞用法,並透過四聲別義的手段來區別。從現代閩語方言看來,閩東方言及局部閩南方言使用「乞」作為被動標記。本文結合早期閩語書面材料及實際調查所得的語料,探究「乞」在閩語中的音韻、詞彙及語法演變。本文的結論如下:1. 音韻方面,「乞」在共同閩語中的語音形式為*kʰɨt7,只有入聲而沒有去聲。2. 詞彙方面,閩語的「乞」同時存在乞求義與給予義兩種實詞用法。3. 就語法演變而言,閩語被動標記「乞」的虛化途徑是:給予義→容讓義→被動標記。
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