Abstract
Lexigraphic and Melomanic are concepts proposed to fine tune our understanding of American studio animation’s transition to sound. In the 1910s and 1920s, animators and audiences were accustomed to following cartoon stories as a kind of reading, assisted by icons and words-in-the-image stylistics adapted from comic strips and comic books. These symbols and picture-words anticipated emoji, delivering an idea, concept, or emotion in pictorial form. Many animators employed these image-texts and picture icons imaginatively and reflexively. Led by the competitive example of the Walt Disney studio when it converted to sound, the established lexigraphic mode of production and reception gave way quickly to melomania – an obsessive preoccupation with syncing screen action to a pre-recorded soundtrack.
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