Abstract
From the discovery of anesthesia in 1846 until the 1960s, anesthetic investigations focused largely on the management of clinical problems. The 1960s saw increasing attention to the dose-related effects of anesthesia on the vital processes of the body. Investigators interested in anesthesia developed tools for defining anesthetic kinetics (what the body does to anesthetics) and comparative pharmacodynamic effects (the relative effects of what anesthetics do to the body). In 1968, the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia published an article by Tsutomu Oyama (1923-2008) et al. entitled ‘‘Effects of halothane anaesthesia and surgery on adrenocortical function in man’’, which is an exemplar presaging the expansion of pharmacodynamic studies. Before the 1960s, relatively little was known of the effects of anesthetics on the body, in this case, specifically the release of free corticosteroids, such as, 17hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), especially in humans. Oyama opened a new window.
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